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prehistoric Human settlement in Bengal can be traced back to 20,000 years ago. Archaeological evidence confirms that by the second millennium BCE, rice-cultivating communities inhabited the region. By the 11th century BC, people in the area lived in systematically lined dwellings, used human burial grounds, and produced copper ornaments and fine black and red pottery. The Ganges, Brahmaputra and Meghna rivers were the natural arteries for communication and transportation. The estuaries of the Bay of Bengal are open to maritime trade. The Early Iron Age saw the development of metal weapons, coinage, permanent field agriculture and irrigation. From 600 BC, a second wave of urbanization swept the northern Indian subcontinent, as part of the Northern Black Polished War culture. Antiquity Ancient Bengal was divided into Barendra, Suhma, Anga, Banga, Samatat and Harikal regions. Early Indian literature describes the region as a Thalassocracy, with colonies in Southeast Asia and the Indi...