ERUDITION

Python -  Modify Strings Python comes with some ready-to-use tools that make working with text easier. Upper Case Example If you apply the upper() method to a string in Python, it will convert all the letters in the string to uppercase and return the modified string: x =   "Hello, World!" print (x. upper() ) Lower Case Example If you apply the  lower()  method to a string in Python, it will convert all the letters in the string to uppercase and return the modified string: x =  "Hello, World!" print (x.lower()) Remove Whitespace The term "whitespace" refers to the space that appears before and/or after the text itself, and it is often desirable to eliminate this space. Example Using the ` strip()` method, you can eliminate any whitespace located at the start or end of a string : x =  " Hello, World! " print (x.strip())  # returns "Hello, World!" Replace String Example With the ` replace() ` method, you can substitute one string with an...

Slicing The slice syntax can be utilized to obtain a selection of characters within a range. To obtain a specific portion of a string, indicate the beginning index and the ending index separated by a colon using the slice notation. Example Retrieve the characters starting from index 3 up to but not including index 7: x =   "Python slicing" print (x[ 3 : 7 ]) Note:  The first character has index 0. Slice From the Start If you don't specify the starting index, the range will start from the first character: Example Retrieve the first 5 characters of the string, excluding the character at the 6th position: x =   "Python slicing" print (x[: 6 ]) Slice To the End If you exclude the end index when defining a range, it will automatically include all the elements until the end : Example Retrieve all the characters from the 3rd position to the end of the string: x =   "Python slicing" print (x[ 3 :]) Negative Indexing To begin the slice from the end of the strin...

Python is a computer language that can be used for many things like creating websites, studying data, and building smart machines. Strings are an important way of storing and working with text in Python. This piece of writing will cover the basics of strings, including their definition, how they can be made, and a few typical actions you can do with them. What are Strings in Python? Python considers a string as a series of characters that signify text-based data. Such a string is composed of a group of characters that are enclosed either in single quotes ('') or double quotes (""). Strings can contain letters, numbers, symbols, and spaces, and can be of any length. For instance, "Hello, World!" is a valid string, as are 'Python is awesome!' and "12345". The choice of quotes is yours to make, as long as you're consistent. In Python, if a string begins with a single quote, it must be terminated with a single quote. Similarly, if a string ...

Python is a flexible programming language that can handle a variety of data types. However, sometimes it is necessary to convert data from one type to another, and this process is called casting in Python. In this article, we will explore what casting is, how it works, and provide examples of how it can be used in Python programming. Specify a Variable Type Casting involves changing the data type of a value to a different type. Python provides several built-in functions to cast values to different data types. These functions include int(), float(), str(), and bool(), which can cast values to integers, floating-point numbers, strings, and booleans, respectively. Let's consider an example of casting in Python. Suppose we have a variable x that contains the value "5". This value is a string type, but we need to use it in a mathematical calculation, which requires it to be an integer type. In this case, we can use the int() function to cast the string value "5" to a...

Python is a high level programming language that can work with different kinds of numbers such as whole numbers, numbers with decimal points, and complex numbers. This is all you need to understand about Python numbers. Integers: Integers are whole numbers with no decimal point. The int data type is utilized in Python to represent integers. These integers can take on positive, negative, or zero values. Example: ```python x = 5 y = -10 z = 0 ``` Floating-Point Numbers: Numbers that contain a decimal point are commonly known as floating-point numbers. Python uses the float data type to represent floating-point numbers. Floating-point numbers can have a value of zero, positive, or negative. Example: ```python x = 3.14 y = -2.0 z = 0.0 ``` Complex Numbers: A complex number comprises of a real component and an imaginary component. Within Python, these numbers are denoted by utilizing the complex data type. The real part is represented by the float or int data type, and the imaginary part is...

Python is a dynamically typed language, which means that the data types of variables can change during the execution of the program. Python supports several built-in data types, which can be used to represent different kinds of values. Below are some of the frequently used data types in Python: 1. Numeric Data Types: Python has support for various numeric data types, such as integers, floating-point numbers, and complex numbers. Integers are whole numbers, whereas floating-point numbers are those that contain a decimal point. On the other hand, complex numbers consist of both a real and an imaginary part. Here are some examples: ``` x = 10         # integer y = 3.14       # floating-point number z = 2 + 3j     # complex number ``` 2. String Data Type: Python uses strings to represent text data, which can be encompassed within single quotes ('...') or double quotes ("..."). Here are some examples: ``` a = 'Hello, World!'  ...

In Python, a global variable is a variable that is declared outside of any function and can be accessed by any function in the same module or file. Global variables can be useful for storing values that are needed by multiple functions within the same module or file. In Python, declaring a variable outside of any function is all that's needed to create a global variable: ``` # defining a global variable my_global_var = "Hello World" # Creating a function that utilizes the global variable: def print_global_var():     print(my_global_var) # calling the function print_global_var()  # output: "Hello World" ``` In the example above, `my_global_var` is a global variable that can be accessed by the function `print_global_var()` because it is defined outside of any function. It is also possible to modify the value of a global variable from within a function using the `global` keyword: ``` # defining a global variable my_global_var = "Hello World" # defining a ...

Output variables in Python refers to the process of displaying or printing the value of a variable to the console or output stream. This is a crucial aspect of programming as it allows developers to test and debug their code and also helps users to interact with the program. In Python, we can output variables to the console using the print() function. The syntax for using the print() function is straightforward: ``` variable_name = "Hello, World!" print(variable_name) ``` In this example, we have created a variable called `variable_name` and assigned it the value "Hello, World!". We then use the print() function to output the value of `variable_name` to the console. We can also output multiple variables using the print() function by separating them with commas. For example: ``` name = "John" age = 25 print("My name is", name, "and I am", age, "years old.") ``` In this example, we have created two variables called `name` and `a...

In Python, you can assign multiple values to multiple variables in a single line using the syntax: ``` var1, var2, var3 = value1, value2, value3 ``` This is known as multiple assignment, and it is a convenient way to assign values to multiple variables at once.  The number of variables on the left-hand side of the equals sign must match the number of values on the right-hand side. For example: ``` x, y, z = 1, 2, 3 ``` This assigns the value 1 to variable `x`, the value 2 to variable `y`, and the value 3 to variable `z`. You can also use variables on the right-hand side: ``` a = 1 b = 2 c = 3 x, y, z = a, b, c ``` This assigns the value of `a` to `x`, the value of `b` to `y`, and the value of `c` to `z`.  You can also use a list or tuple on the right-hand side of the equals sign to assign multiple values to multiple variables: ``` values = (1, 2, 3) x, y, z = values ``` This assigns the first value in the tuple to `x`, the second value to `y`, and the third value to `z`. Multi...

In Python, a variable is a name that represents a value stored in the computer's memory. A variable name is a string of characters that follows certain rules: 1. Variable names can contain letters (both uppercase and lowercase), digits, and underscores (_). They cannot start with a digit. 2. Variable names are case-sensitive, which means that uppercase and lowercase letters are distinct. For example, `myVar` and `myvar` are two different variable names. 3. Variable names cannot be a reserved word in Python. Reserved words are special keywords in Python that have a specific meaning and purpose, such as `if`, `else`, `while`, `for`, `and`, `or`, `not`, etc. 4. Variable names should be descriptive and meaningful, reflecting the purpose of the variable. Avoid using single letters or abbreviations that may be unclear or confusing. 5. Use lowercase letters for variable names, and separate words with underscores to make the name more readable. For example, `my_variable_name`. Here are som...

Python comments are used to provide additional information about your code, and they are not executed by the Python interpreter. There are two types of comments in Python: single-line comments and multi-line comments . Single-line comments begin with the hash symbol (#) and continue until the end of the line. They are often used to explain what a particular line of code does. For example: ``` # This line prints 'Hello, world!' print("Hello, world!") ``` Multi-line comments, also known as block comments, are used to provide more detailed explanations of code. They start and end with three consecutive quotation marks (""") and can span multiple lines. For example: ``` """ This is an example of a multi-line comment. It can be used to provide more detailed explanations of code or to temporarily disable a section of code. print("This code is currently disabled.") """ print("Hello, world!") ``` It is importa...