ERUDITION

In Python, strings are like text containers that come with their own set of useful tools. These tools, called string methods, allow you to modify and work with strings in different ways. Here are some commonly used string methods and what they do: 1. ` capitalize() `: Makes the first letter of a string uppercase and the rest lowercase. 2. ` casefold() `: Converts the entire string to lowercase, even handling special cases. 3. ` center(width[, fillchar]) `: Puts a string in the middle of a line of a specific width, optionally filling the extra space with a chosen character. 4. ` count(sub[, start[, end]]) `: Counts how many times a specific part of a string appears within it. 5. ` endswith(suffix[, start[, end]]) `: Checks if a string ends with a particular set of characters and returns True or False. 6. ` find(sub[, start[, end]]) `: Searches for a specific part of a string and tells you where it starts. If not found, it returns -1. 7. ` index(sub[, start[, end]]) `: Similar to `find()...

In Python, you can put two or more strings together to create a new string. This process is called string concatenation, and it's done using the "+" symbol. It lets you combine separate strings into a single one. For example, suppose we have two strings, "Hello" and "World".  We can use the "+" sign to join them together : ``` greeting = "Hello" name = "World" message = greeting + " " + name print(message) ``` This will output the string "Hello World". Note that we have added a space between the two strings using a string literal " ". We can also concatenate strings using the "join" method. This method takes an iterable of strings and concatenates them with a specified separator. ``` fruits = ["apple", "banana", "orange"] separator = ", " fruit_string = separator.join(fruits) print(fruit_string) ``` This will output the string "apple, bana...

Python -  Modify Strings Python comes with some ready-to-use tools that make working with text easier. Upper Case Example If you apply the upper() method to a string in Python, it will convert all the letters in the string to uppercase and return the modified string: x =   "Hello, World!" print (x. upper() ) Lower Case Example If you apply the  lower()  method to a string in Python, it will convert all the letters in the string to uppercase and return the modified string: x =  "Hello, World!" print (x.lower()) Remove Whitespace The term "whitespace" refers to the space that appears before and/or after the text itself, and it is often desirable to eliminate this space. Example Using the ` strip()` method, you can eliminate any whitespace located at the start or end of a string : x =  " Hello, World! " print (x.strip())  # returns "Hello, World!" Replace String Example With the ` replace() ` method, you can substitute one string with an...

Slicing The slice syntax can be utilized to obtain a selection of characters within a range. To obtain a specific portion of a string, indicate the beginning index and the ending index separated by a colon using the slice notation. Example Retrieve the characters starting from index 3 up to but not including index 7: x =   "Python slicing" print (x[ 3 : 7 ]) Note:  The first character has index 0. Slice From the Start If you don't specify the starting index, the range will start from the first character: Example Retrieve the first 5 characters of the string, excluding the character at the 6th position: x =   "Python slicing" print (x[: 6 ]) Slice To the End If you exclude the end index when defining a range, it will automatically include all the elements until the end : Example Retrieve all the characters from the 3rd position to the end of the string: x =   "Python slicing" print (x[ 3 :]) Negative Indexing To begin the slice from the end of the strin...

Python is a flexible programming language that can handle a variety of data types. However, sometimes it is necessary to convert data from one type to another, and this process is called casting in Python. In this article, we will explore what casting is, how it works, and provide examples of how it can be used in Python programming. Specify a Variable Type Casting involves changing the data type of a value to a different type. Python provides several built-in functions to cast values to different data types. These functions include int(), float(), str(), and bool(), which can cast values to integers, floating-point numbers, strings, and booleans, respectively. Let's consider an example of casting in Python. Suppose we have a variable x that contains the value "5". This value is a string type, but we need to use it in a mathematical calculation, which requires it to be an integer type. In this case, we can use the int() function to cast the string value "5" to a...

Python is a high level programming language that can work with different kinds of numbers such as whole numbers, numbers with decimal points, and complex numbers. This is all you need to understand about Python numbers. Integers: Integers are whole numbers with no decimal point. The int data type is utilized in Python to represent integers. These integers can take on positive, negative, or zero values. Example: ```python x = 5 y = -10 z = 0 ``` Floating-Point Numbers: Numbers that contain a decimal point are commonly known as floating-point numbers. Python uses the float data type to represent floating-point numbers. Floating-point numbers can have a value of zero, positive, or negative. Example: ```python x = 3.14 y = -2.0 z = 0.0 ``` Complex Numbers: A complex number comprises of a real component and an imaginary component. Within Python, these numbers are denoted by utilizing the complex data type. The real part is represented by the float or int data type, and the imaginary part is...

Python is a dynamically typed language, which means that the data types of variables can change during the execution of the program. Python supports several built-in data types, which can be used to represent different kinds of values. Below are some of the frequently used data types in Python: 1. Numeric Data Types: Python has support for various numeric data types, such as integers, floating-point numbers, and complex numbers. Integers are whole numbers, whereas floating-point numbers are those that contain a decimal point. On the other hand, complex numbers consist of both a real and an imaginary part. Here are some examples: ``` x = 10         # integer y = 3.14       # floating-point number z = 2 + 3j     # complex number ``` 2. String Data Type: Python uses strings to represent text data, which can be encompassed within single quotes ('...') or double quotes ("..."). Here are some examples: ``` a = 'Hello, World!'  ...